Would it be legal to use an underwater fishing speargun to fire legal arrows if it was within the crossbow parameters? Historically speaking you could create a similar weapon using twisted rawhide like catapults had in the place of modern day surgical tubing for a similar effect.
RE: #1
It would be really effective as a backup weapon you could just pull out and zap somebody is what I was thinking. They naturally hold onto the spear pretty well.
RE:#3
I was thinking more in the sense of a ranged weapon for a melee. You know, you're about to be outnumbered in a fight so you grab the speargun on a rifle sling on your back and take the numbers down to be a little more favorable haha.