For clarification, the max length for a blue weapon is 47.99 (repeating, of course) inches. 23.5 would be a blue (class I weapon that is not subject to weight restrictions).
Essentially, the maximum handle length is 18" or 1/3rd of the overall length (whichever is greater), assuming that that the striking surface is at least 12". So, with a 23.5" weapon, we get:
23.5" overall - (12" striking surface) = 11.5" non-striking surface (handle and pommel)
The relevant rules are:
Quote:
1.4.1. Class 1 - All Class 1 Weapons must conform to the following, as applicable:
1.4.1.1. A Class 1 Weapon under twenty-four (24) inches (60 cm) in length has no weight minimum.
1.4.1.2. A Class 1 Weapon twenty-four (24) inches (60 cm) in length or longer must weigh a minimum of twelve (12) ounces (350 g).
1.4.1.3. With the exception of double-ended weapons, a Class 1 Weapon must be shorter than forty-eight (48) inches (120 cm).
1.4.1.4. The maximum handle length for a Class 1 Weapon is eighteen (18) inches (45 cm) or one-third (1/3) of the overall length, whichever is greater. This cannot exceed one-half (1/2) of the overall length.
1.4.1.5. The minimum overall length of a Class 1 is 12 inches (30 cm) plus the length of the handle and pommel.